Quantum Computing
Qubits, error correction, and the cryptography they threaten — a fundamentally different way to compute.
State of the world · updated June 2026
Right now: the headline race is error correction — turning fragile physical qubits into stable logical ones — while sharper estimates of how few qubits it would take to break RSA keep pulling the post-quantum-cryptography deadline forward.
Start here · the primer
Quantum computing is a bet that some problems yield only to a different kind of machine. The mechanism is that a qubit holds a superposition rather than a settled bit, so the right algorithm explores many paths at once — but qubits are fragile, and the field's real progress is in error correction: stitching many noisy physical qubits into one stable logical one. Everything here turns on that ratio. The nearest-term consequence is adversarial — a large enough machine breaks the public-key cryptography that secures the internet, which is why error-correction results and qubit counts get read like a countdown to "Q-Day." The question is how many logical qubits arrive, and when.
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The qubit count just collapsed
Breaking the encryption behind HTTPS and crypto wallets was thought to need millions of quantum qubits. A new resource estimate puts the floor at tens of thousands — the scale labs already run today.
The 9-minute window
When you spend Bitcoin, the transaction broadcasts your public key to the network for about nine minutes before it confirms — long enough, this paper argues, for a future quantum computer to derive your private key and steal the coins mid-transaction.
The qubit drop that mostly isn't
An eight-person Sydney startup estimates it could factor RSA-2048 with under 100,000 quantum qubits — a hundredth of the count assumed in 2019, and the headline everyone ran with.
The TSMC of quantum
IBM and the Commerce Department are spinning out Anderon, a $2B foundry in Albany meant to fab quantum chips for the whole industry — borrowing the split that let ordinary chips scale.
Key entities
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Companies
6Google Research
The research division of Google (Alphabet), publishing across AI, quantum, health, and systems, and feeding results into Google products.
▸ Ai researchIBM
American technology company spanning hybrid cloud, enterprise AI (Watson), mainframes, consulting, and quantum computing, with one of the world's largest industrial research arms.
Google Quantum AI
Google's research division building error-corrected quantum computers from superconducting qubits, behind the Sycamore and Willow processors.
▸ Quantum error correctionAnderon
A standalone quantum-chip foundry spun off by IBM to fabricate 300mm superconducting-qubit wafers for IBM and rival hardware vendors.
▸ Quantum chip fabricationIceberg Quantum
A quantum-architecture startup designing fault-tolerant systems on quantum LDPC error-correcting codes, cutting the physical-qubit overhead of error correction by roughly an order of magnitude.
Oratomic
Pasadena quantum-computing startup building fault-tolerant machines from neutral-atom qubits, spun out of Caltech research.
▸ Fault tolerant quantum computingHow this connects
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